Biochar‑mineral interactions in soil carbon stabilisation

Project lead: Dr Shamim Mia
Lead organisation: University of New England
Partners: University of Sydney, Tohoku University, Waste Circology

The Challenge

Soil carbon is critical for climate mitigation, yet the mechanisms controlling its long-term storage are complex and not fully understood. While biochar has the potential to increase carbon sequestration, improve soil health and boost productivity, its interactions with different soil minerals and organic matter fractions remain poorly characterised. Without this knowledge, farmers and policymakers cannot optimise biochar applications for maximum carbon storage or co-benefits, slowing adoption and limiting contributions to Australia’s net-zero targets.

Our Approach

This project will combine controlled environment experiments and field trials to investigate how biochar interacts with diverse soil types and organic matter fractions. Using advanced chemical and spectroscopic techniques, the research will examine carbon stabilisation in particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools, and explore the mechanisms underlying organo-mineral interactions. The project will also assess biochar sourced from municipal waste and agricultural residues to evaluate its greenhouse gas abatement potential and suitability for large-scale application. Collaboration with universities and industry partners will support practical insights for implementation and integration into carbon credit programs.

Expected Impact

This project aims to generate fundamental knowledge on how biochar stabilises carbon across different soils, helping farmers target applications for maximum sequestration and soil health benefits. In the longer term, the findings could support broader adoption of biochar in NSW agriculture, contribute to measurable emissions reductions, enhance nutrient recycling and soil resilience, and inform policy and carbon credit frameworks. By providing a science-based foundation, the project positions NSW to lead in evidence-based soil carbon management and nature-positive land stewardship.

Project Timeline: July 2026 – June 2027